Lead containing solders are among the top chemicals posing a great threat to human life and environment. When lead accumulates in the body it can produce various adverse health effects. All the industrial systems and devices tend to reduce their environmental and health impact. The industry is greatly interested in the implementation of lead free soldering especially in electronics. For economic and industrial reasons, the new lead free solders are tin-based and substitute traditional Pb-Sn solders. These binary and ternary systems of eutectic and near eutectic concentrations based on lead (Sn) are chosen for their low melting points, good mechanical properties and low cost.
Lead containing solders are among the top chemicals posing a great threat to human life and environment. When lead accumulates in the body it can produce various adverse health effects. All the industrial systems and devices tend to reduce their environmental and health impact. The industry is greatly interested in the implementation of lead free soldering especially in electronics. For economic and industrial reasons, the new lead free solders are tin-based and substitute traditional Pb-Sn solders. These binary and ternary systems of eutectic and near eutectic concentrations based on lead (Sn) are chosen for their low melting points, good mechanical properties and low cost.
In order to improve mechanical, adhesive, thermomechanical and technological characteristics of Sn-based solders (see Table), small Fe and Ni admixtures are added. These admixtures reveal positive influence on the solid solders properties (wetting, creeping, strain). The mixtures stabilize the alloy crystalline structure, which undergoes essential modifications during solidification under external fields (electrical and magnetic fields, temperature gradients, cooling rates, vibrations). The mixtures also prevent fatigue cracks and contact creeps as well as decrease grains.
Application areas:
Microelectronics, domestic appliances, automobile and space industry.
Authors of the project: Prof., Doctor of Science Stepan Mudry, Senior researcher Dr. Yuriy Plevachuk, Senior researcher Dr. Vasyl Sklyarchuk, Department of Metal Physics Faculty of Physics Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Tel.+38 032 2394594, e-mail:
plevachuk@mail.lviv.ua Contact person:
Bogdan Kotur
Vice-rector for Scientific Research
Prof., Doctor of Science
Tel.: +38-032-2727040
Fax.: +38-032-2616903
E-mail:
ndch@franko.lviv.ua
Ivan Franko National University of Lviv 
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